Key Issue 4

Malthus on Overpopulation- Thomas Malthus was one of the first people to think that the world would face overpopulation problems.

Population Growth Versus Food Supply- Malthus thought that the human population increased exponetailly whereas the food production was linear. He thought that because of this the human population would exeed the production line and mass famine would kill a large percentage of people.

Debate on How to Reduce Natural Increase- many different people had differetn theories on Malthus's theory.

Higher Death Rates- Malthus said that the only ways that we would'nt have overpopulation would be if we restrained ourselves or death rates increased. He said that if there was a increase in death rates from disease, famine, and war then our population would be in check.

Declining Birth Rates- Others said that by moral restraint we could lower our birthrates. Now we have contraception which helps to lower the birthrate. The Distribution of contraceptives helps to lower the birthrates all over the world. It is thought that as long as economic development surpasses population growth than overpopulation is not a problem.Some countires or regions are in danger of running out of food due to the fact that their population is growing faster than their economy.

Atricle-http//www.rjputbrotherhood.com/knowledge-hyub/population-studies/the-neo-malthusian-theory-of-population-studies.html

This article relates to Key Issue 4 because it talks about the Neomalthusian theory. The Neomalthusian theory states that economic growth must stay above population growth. Some of the LDCs are in danger of overpopulation and famine due to the fact that their population has a faster growth rate than their economy.

The world might face an overpopualtion problem due to the linear growth of food( Malthus) and bad economies and high growth rates( Neomalthusians)

Key Issue 3

The Demographic Transition Model- Process with several stages all countries are a part of this model. There are four main stages and a fifth minor stage that only as few countries are in.

Stage 1: low growth- Most of the world's history took place in stage one of the DTM. Currently there are no countries in this stage of development. There are still a few  tribes that are in this stage of growth. The NIR is basically zero or zero population growth was achieved. After the neolithic revolution this stage continued.
Agriculutural Revolution: humans first domesticated plants and animals and settled down in settlements. Even so the human population stayed in Stage 1 until about 1750.

Stage 2: high growth- the population of an area skyrockets as the CBR greatly exeeds the CDR(CDR drops CBR stays even). After the Industrial Revolution when machinery was used to do work and the Medical Revolution where medicine was greatly inmproved the population jumped. The Medical Revolution also allowed some of the poorer countries to enter stage 2.

Stage 3: moderate growth- THe CBR drops sharply and the CDR continues its drop, the population still increases but at a slowed rate. During the 1st half of the 20th century North American countries entered this stage. Only some countires have reached this stage as much of Africa remains in the high growth area.

Stage 4: low growth- CBR equals CDR and the NIR once again reaches 0. The population is once again at zero poulation growth. THe United States and much of Westernized countries are in this stage of growth. There are a few countires that have entered the theoretical stage 5 of negative growth.

Population Pyramids- Depending on a countries stage of Demographic Transition it will have a unique structure. These pyramids show the percentage of a gender per age groups. THey are bar graphs that are normally showed in 5 year increments.

Age Distibution- The age distribution of a population can be shown on a populatiopn pyramid. THey are important because they can compare countries. the dependency ratio is the number of people to young or old to work compared to those who can, this can be shown by the age distribution on a population pyramid.

Sex Ratio- Number of males per 100 females ina population. in Europe and North America hte ratio is about 95:100. Poor countries with high childbirth mortality have a higher male percentage than female. In America the ethnic comparison can be shown by this population due to the fact that the latinos and aftrican americans like to have large families.

Countries in Different Stages of Demographic Transition- Many countries are in differetn stages of the DTM. There are no countries currently in Stage 1 but there are still countries in Stage 2. Cape Verde moved to Stage 2 in 1950, it has a high growth that fluxuates. Chile is in stage 3 meaning that it has a growing population, but its growth is slowed. The United States is in stage 4 which means it has a low almost zero population growth. A countries economy helps determine what stage it is in.

Demographic Transition and World Population- The world's population increased heavily in the twenteith century due to the fact that few countries were in Stages 1 or 4. Most countries are still in stages 2 or 3 and therefore the world population continues to rise.

Article-http://www.bized.co.uk/virtual/dc/copper/theory/th10.htm

This article is related to Key Issue 3 because it deals with how the DTM was created. The DTM was created due to the fact the trends in CBR and CDR could be seen in patterns in countries. The DTM helps to show comparison between countries NIRs.

Population is increasing at different rates in countries due to the different cultures and economic strength of countries.

Key Issue 2

Natural Increase- Percentage that a population grows in a year. It is computed by subracting the CBR from the CDR. The CBR is then Crude Birth Rate or how many people are born in a year. The CDR is the Crude Deathn Rate or how many people die in a year.

Crude Birth Rate- The CBR is then Crude Birth Rate or how many people are born per 1000 people in a year.

Crude Death Rate- The CDR is the Crude Death Rate or how many people die per 100 people in a year.

Natural Increase Rate- The percentage a population grows in a year. It is computed by subracting the CBR from the CDR. The CBR is then Crude Birth Rate or how many people are born in a year. The CDR is the Crude Deathn Rate or how many people die in a year. So if the CBR is 20 and the CDR is 5 (per thousand) than the NIR is 15 or 1.5%. Doubling Time is the amount of time needed to double a population and is affected by the NIR.

Fertility- Amount of children per women.

Total Fertility Rate- This is the aveergae number of births a women will have in her life. This shows the future of how women will change as the culture does. Can be compared to other parts of the world, for example the world TFR is 2.7 in sub-Saharan Africa it is over 6.

Mortaltiy- Amout of people who die.

Infant Mortality Rate- annual numbers of infant deaths ina population, compared to the births. THe highest rates of IM are in poor countries like sub-Saharan Africa. Reflects a countries health care in that counries with better health care have a lower IMR.

Life Expectancy- the average number of years a person will live. It is higher in Western Countries with better health care. European babies are predicted to live until their seventies while they will only live until their forties in sub- Saharan Africa.

Article-http://geography.ccsu.edu/kyem/GEO466_Africa/POPULATION_GEOGRAPHY.htm

This article relates to Key Issue 2 because it deals with population growth in sub-Saharan Africa. The population of this region goes up 3% each year in 23years it will double. This shows that they have a high rate of growth anfd a high NIR. THey could soon face the problems of overpopulation due to thier insanley fast increase rate.

The world's population has increased in most Africa, Asia,and Latin America.

Key Issue 1

Population Concentration- Two- thirds of the world's population live in East, South, and Southeast Asia as well as Western Europe. Most of the peopel in these regions live near a body of water. They are in low lying fertile areas.

East Asia- 1/5 of the world's population lives in this region consisitng of China, Japan, the Koreas, and Taiwan. China is the world's largest country and the majority of its poulation are in rural areas near a body of water.

South Asia- 1/5 of the world's population live in South Asia. The coyuntries making up this region are India, Pakistan, Bangledesh, and Shr Lanka. India has the world's second largest poulation.

Southeast Asia- 4th highest population is in Southeast Asia. .5 billion people live in this region most on islands that lie in between the Indian and Pacific Oceans. 

Europe- 3rd highest population is in Europe. Four dozen countries make up this region. 3/4s of the populations live in urban areas. Import food and recources due to the fact that they don't make enough food. 

Eastern North America- This area has the highest population of people in North America. Most of whom live in urban areas not rural areas. A little over 2 percent of the world's population livwe here.

Sparsely Populated Regions-  There are many regions on Earth that are sparsely populated due to the envirmantal conditions. These areas are diminishing over time as people find new ways to live in once uninhabitable areas. 

Dry Lands- These are areas that are too dry for farming and they cover approximatley 20 percent of Earth's surface. This subgroup consists mainly of desserts and lack the amount of water need tyo grow crops. 

Wet Lands- Areas that substain high levels of rain may also be uninhabitable. These areas are located mainly in South America, Central Africa and Southeast Asia.The combonation of thier incredibally high rainfall and temperature drain nutrients making it hard to grow crops.

Cold Lands- The areas naer the poles are reffered to as cold lands due to the year round frost that covers them. These regions also recieve very low amounts of precipitation. These areas cannot sustain crops and can only support a few animals. 

High Lands- Not many people live in mountainous high land regions. These regions cannpt support agriculture very well so they have smaller populations. In some areas the high lands are highly populated due to the unfavorable conditions at lower elevations.

    Population Density- Can be shown in a variety of ways. Population is the nyumber of people living in one area of land.

Arithmetic Density- Total number of people divided by total land area. THis technique is used most frequently by geographers. This enables geographers to compare a regionsd density to other regions of the world. 

Physiological Density- Found by looking at the number of people per a certain type of land. For example arable is farmable land and the US has 172 people per square kilometer of arable land. Shows insight between population sizre and resource avalabiltiy. 

Agricultural Density- Is the comparison between farmers and arable land. This helps to account for economic differences between countries. MDC's normally have a lower agricultural density than LDC's due to technology. 

Demography-  the study of the change in population density. This relates to Key Issue 1 due to its relation to how population is spread throughout the world. 

Globalization- the slow uniformity of countries. As this increases countries will move torward urabn growth.

Overpopulation- to many people per area of land. As more people are created the amount of land that is open will be decreased, and in areas with high urban population this will be a problem.

Ecumene-prportion of Earth's surface that has a permanent settlement. This will inrease with population because more areas wiull need to be developed to house the new people. 

Article-http://maps.unomaha.edu/edu/peterson/funda/sidebar/chinapop.html

This article deals with Key Issue one. THis article deals with Key Issue one because it touches on the problem of overpopoulation. This was and is a problem in China due to its massive population. This led the Chinese government to create population laws that control China's population.  

In the world population is mainly distributed in Asia and the Western World( Europe and America)